1. Charging by Friction
Polythene Rod + Duster
Key idea: Only electrons move. Protons stay fixed in nuclei.
Exam tip: Gaining electrons = negative charge. Losing electrons = positive charge.
2. Attraction and Repulsion
Like charges repel
Non-contact force: Charged objects can exert forces without touching.
3. Electric Fields
Field around a positive charge
Key idea: The electric field is strongest close to the charged object.
Remember: Field lines point away from positive charges and towards negative charges.
4. Sparking and Electrostatic Phenomena
Why do sparks happen?
When charge builds up, a very strong electric field can form.
If the electric field becomes strong enough, electrons suddenly move through the air causing a spark.
This explains lightning and small static shocks.
lightning
electrostatic shocks
strong electric fields
5. Mini Whiteboard Review Challenge
Quick Recall
- What particle moves in static electricity?
- What charge does an object gain if it gains electrons?
- What happens between like charges?
- What happens between opposite charges?
- Why do insulators hold static charge?
Thinking Questions
- Why can a charged balloon stick to a wall?
- Why are sparks more likely after walking on carpet?
- Why are electric fields strongest close to the object?
- Why do conductors not hold static charge well?
- How does an electric field explain non-contact force?
6. GCSE Exam Style Multiple Choice Review
Use mini whiteboards or hands up voting to answer.